As a writer or communicator, it is important to have a good understanding of the basic elements of the English language. One such element is non-finite verbs, also known as verbals. These verbs are not limited by tense or subject agreement and can be used in a variety of ways to modify nouns or complement other verbs.
In this article, we will explore 10 examples of non-finite verbs in sentences to help you better understand their usage. We will also discuss the different types of non-finite verbs, how to use them in sentences, and answer some frequently asked questions about them.
What are Non-Finite Verbs?
Before we dive into examples of non-finite verbs, let’s define what they are. Non-finite verbs are verbs that do not function as the main verb in a sentence. Instead, they are used to modify nouns or as complements to other verbs. They do not have a specific tense or subject agreement, and therefore can be used in a variety of ways.
Examples of Non-Finite Verbs
Here are 10 examples of non-finite verbs in sentences:
- Infinitive Verb: to run
To run a marathon is my goal for next year.
In this sentence, the infinitive verb “to run” is used as a noun phrase to modify the noun “marathon.”
- Gerund Verb: running
Running is a great way to stay healthy and fit.
Here, the gerund verb “running” is used as the subject of the sentence.
- Participle Verb: running
The athlete, running as fast as he could, won the race.
In this sentence, the participle verb “running” is used as an adjective to modify the noun “athlete.”
- Infinitive Verb: to swim
I love to swim in the ocean on a hot summer day.
Here, the infinitive verb “to swim” is used as the direct object of the verb “love.”
- Gerund Verb: swimming
Swimming with dolphins is a once-in-a-lifetime experience.
In this sentence, the gerund verb “swimming” is used as a noun phrase to act as the subject of the sentence.
- Participle Verb: swum
The swimmer, having swum his fastest time yet, broke the world record.
In this sentence, the participle verb “swum” is used as an adjective to modify the noun “swimmer.”
- Infinitive Verb: to dance
To dance gracefully takes a lot of practice and dedication.
Here, the infinitive verb “to dance” is used as a noun phrase to modify the verb “takes.”
- Gerund Verb: dancing
Dancing in the rain is one of my favorite things to do.
In this sentence, the gerund verb “dancing” is used as the subject of the sentence.
- Participle Verb: danced
The couple, having danced all night, was exhausted.
In this sentence, the participle verb “danced” is used as an adjective to modify the noun “couple.”
- Infinitive Verb: to sing
I would love to sing in a choir someday.
Here, the infinitive verb “to sing” is used as the direct object of the verb “love.”
Types of Non-Finite Verbs
There are three types of non-finite verbs: infinitive verbs, gerund verbs, and participle verbs.
Infinitive Verbs
Infinitive verbs are the base form of a verb with the word “to” in front of it. They are often used to express purpose or intention, and can be used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. For example, “to run,” “to swim,” and “to dance” are all examples of infinitive verbs.
Gerund Verbs
Gerund verbs are formed by adding “ing” to the base form of a verb. They are used as nouns and can act as the subject or object of a sentence. For example, “running,” “swimming,” and “dancing” are all examples of gerund verbs.
Participle Verbs
Participle verbs can be formed in two ways: the present participle (ending in “ing”) or the past participle (ending in “ed” or irregularly). They are used as adjectives to modify nouns or pronouns. For example, “running” in “the running man” is a present participle verb, while “swum” in “the swum record” is a past participle verb.
How to Use Non-Finite Verbs in Sentences
Now that we have looked at examples and types of non-finite verbs, let’s explore how to use them in sentences.
Infinitive Verbs
Infinitive verbs can be used in a variety of ways in a sentence. They can be used as a noun phrase, direct object, or adjective. For example:
- To run a marathon is my goal for next year. (used as a noun phrase)
- I would love to swim in the ocean on a hot summer day. (used as a direct object)
- The best way to learn a language is to immerse yourself in it. (used as an adjective)
Gerund Verbs
Gerund verbs are used as nouns in a sentence and can act as the subject or object of a sentence. For example:
- Running is a great way to stay healthy and fit. (used as the subject)
- I love swimming with dolphins. (used as the object)
Participle Verbs
Participle verbs are used as adjectives to modify nouns or pronouns. For example:
- The running man won the race. (present participle)
- The swum record was broken. (past participle)
Frequently Asked Questions about Non-Finite Verbs
- Q: Can non-finite verbs be used as the main verb in a sentence? A: No, non-finite verbs are used to modify nouns or complement other verbs, but they cannot be the main verb in a sentence.
- Q: What is the difference between a gerund verb and a present participle verb? A: Gerund verbs act as nouns in a sentence, while present participle verbs act as adjectives to modify nouns or pronouns.
- Q: Can non-finite verbs have tense or subject agreement? A: No, non-finite verbs do not have a specific tense or subject agreement.
- Q: Can non-finite verbs be used in any tense or mood? A: Yes, non-finite verbs can be used in any tense or mood.
Conclusion
Non-finite verbs are an important part of the English language and can be used in a variety of ways to modify nouns or complement other verbs. In this article, we explored 10 examples of non-finite verbs in sentences, as well as the different types of non-finite verbs and how to use them in sentences. Understanding the basics of non-finite verbs will help you become a more effective writer and communicator.