15 Examples of Subordinating Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunctions play a crucial role in the structure and coherence of complex sentences. They are words that link dependent clauses to independent clauses, providing a nuanced connection that enriches the meaning of the text. In this comprehensive article, we will delve into the intricacies of subordinating conjunctions, exploring their functions, usage, and providing 15 detailed examples to illustrate their significance in the English language.
Understanding Subordinating Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunctions are essential in creating complex sentences, which contain both an independent clause (a complete sentence) and a dependent clause (a fragment that relies on the independent clause for meaning). These conjunctions introduce the dependent clause, specifying the relationship between the two clauses, such as cause and effect, contrast, condition, time, and place.
15 Examples of Subordinating Conjunctions
1. Because
The subordinating conjunction “because” indicates a cause-and-effect relationship between two clauses.
Example: We postponed the meeting because the CEO was unavailable.
In this sentence, “because” introduces the reason for postponing the meeting, linking the dependent clause “the CEO was unavailable” to the independent clause “We postponed the meeting.”
2. Although
“Although” expresses a contrast between two ideas or clauses.
Example: Although it was raining, they went for a hike.
Here, “although” introduces the dependent clause “it was raining,” which contrasts with the independent clause “they went for a hike.”
3. Since
“Since” can denote both time and cause. When used to indicate time, it means “from the time when”; when used to indicate cause, it means “because.”
Example (time): Since she moved to the city, she has been happier. Example (cause): He decided to stay home since he was feeling unwell.
4. Unless
“Unless” sets a condition under which the main clause will not happen.
Example: We won’t start the project unless we get approval.
In this case, “unless” introduces the condition that must be met for the project to start.
5. While
“While” can indicate simultaneous actions or contrast.
Example (simultaneous actions): While she was cooking, he was setting the table. Example (contrast): While he is very talented, he lacks experience.
6. If
“If” introduces a condition that affects the main clause.
Example: If it rains, we will cancel the picnic.
Here, “if” sets a condition for the potential cancellation of the picnic.
7. After
“After” denotes a time relationship, indicating that one event follows another.
Example: They went out for dinner after the movie ended.
In this sentence, “after” connects the dependent clause “the movie ended” with the independent clause “They went out for dinner,” indicating a sequence of events.
8. Before
“Before” also indicates a time relationship but specifies that one event precedes another.
Example: She finished her homework before she watched TV.
“Before” introduces the dependent clause “she watched TV,” establishing the order of events.
9. Though
“Though” presents a contrast or concession.
Example: Though it was late, they continued working.
In this case, “though” connects the contrast between the time and their decision to keep working.
10. Even Though
“Even though” is a stronger form of “though” or “although,” emphasizing the contrast.
Example: Even though he was exhausted, he finished the marathon.
Here, “even though” introduces the dependent clause “he was exhausted,” highlighting the significant contrast with the independent clause “he finished the marathon.”
11. As
“As” can indicate time, cause, or comparison.
Example (time): As the sun set, the sky turned orange. Example (cause): As she was the eldest, she took responsibility. Example (comparison): He is as talented as his brother.
12. Provided That
“Provided that” sets a specific condition for the main clause.
Example: You can go to the party provided that you finish your homework.
“Provided that” introduces the condition under which going to the party is allowed.
13. Since
“Since” can indicate time or cause.
Example (time): Since she moved to the city, she has been happier. Example (cause): He decided to stay home since he was feeling unwell.
14. Though
“Though” indicates contrast or concession.
Example: Though it was raining, they went for a hike.
In this sentence, “though” introduces the dependent clause “it was raining,” contrasting with the independent clause “they went for a hike.”
15. As Long As
“As long as” sets a duration or condition.
Example: You can borrow my car as long as you return it by tomorrow.
In this case, “as long as” introduces the condition for borrowing the car.
Conclusion
Subordinating conjunctions are vital tools in the construction of complex sentences, adding depth and clarity to writing. By understanding and utilizing these conjunctions effectively, writers can create nuanced and sophisticated sentences that convey precise relationships between ideas. The 15 examples provided in this article illustrate the versatility and importance of subordinating conjunctions in English grammar.
